本科毕业设计外文翻译要求_本科毕业设计外文翻译

1.毕业设计外文翻译

2.毕业设计里面的外文翻译一定要是国外的文吗

3.我想问一下 毕业设计中要交的 外文翻译怎样弄比较好 谢谢

4.毕业设计外文翻译原文哪里找

5.毕业设计 关于VB的 外文翻译

你的毕业论文的摘要部分是需要翻译成英文的，开题报告一般包括这么几个方面

1.课题的意义 2.国内外研究现状 3.毕业设计（论文）的主要内容 4.所用的方法、手段以及步骤等 5.阶段进度。 外文翻译是将一篇英文的论文翻译成汉语，一般老师都要求外文是和你写的论文的题目是相关的吧，开题报告就相当于一篇论文的提纲，是一篇论文的构想。外文翻译除了一般除了内容是要和你写的东西有点联系吧 其他没什么联系

毕业设计外文翻译

我是百度的，应该不是很重要吧，反正一颗红心两种准备，打算先用百度来的给老师看看，因为毕竟不是很符合我的论文，要是不行再自己翻一篇。外文翻译不用很多，如果你那篇篇幅较长，可以只翻译一部分，大概翻译三到四千个中文就可以了。LZ可以先百度你论文相关内容的论坛和网站，基本上会有你所需要的，其实在百度知道里悬赏要外文翻译也可以。

毕业设计里面的外文翻译一定要是国外的文吗

我的毕业论文翻译是直接用的google在线翻译://.google/translate_t，一点也没有改，翻译的非常垃圾，但是老师根本不看，直接就合格通过了（本人本科学历，学校全国排名在前十，具体那个我就不说了,呵呵）关键是和老师搞好关系！祝你成功哦！

根据学校要求 外文原稿的存档方式各不相同

我毕业时 外文原稿来自书和网络

把书复印了 网络版打印并将电子版存入磁盘

以备学校存档用

外文原稿和翻译都要打印 缺一不可

有电子版的还要上交电子版磁盘

我想问一下 毕业设计中要交的 外文翻译怎样弄比较好 谢谢

是的，外文文献翻译成中文必须有3000字。如果你在学校的话，可以到外文数据库里查找资料，如果在外地，就不太好找了。OA图书馆也有部分资料，将搜索的关键词翻译成英文再输入查找。希望能够帮到你。

毕业设计外文翻译原文哪里找

你是想问什么?

你想用外语写毕业设计吗?

写Literature review 的structure,告诉你.

1,Abstract,

2,Keywords,

3,Introduction

4,Body(include methodology, discussion and results)

5,conclusion,

6,bibliography.

毕业设计 关于VB的 外文翻译

毕业设计外文翻译原文可以去学校图书馆电子库找。

一、毕业设计

毕业设计是指工、农、林科高等学校和中等专业学校学生毕业前夕总结性的独立作业。是实践性教学最后一个环节。旨在检验学生综合运用所学理论、知识和技能解决实际问题的能力。在教师指导下，学生就选定的课题进行工程设计和研究，包括设计、计算、绘图、工艺技术、经济论证以及合理化建议等，最后提交一份报告。应尽量选与生产、科学研究任务结合的题目。

二、目的

1、培养学生综合运用所学知识，结合实际独立完成课题的工作能力。

2、对学生的知识面，掌握知识的深度，运用理论结合实际去处理问题的能力，实验能力，外语水平，计算机运用水平，书面及口头表达能力进行考核。

三、要求

1、要求一定要有结合实际的某项具体项目的设计或对某具体课题进行有独立见解的论证，并要求技术含量较高。

2、设计或论文应该在教学所规定的时限内完成。

3、书面材料：框架及字数应符合规定。

四、毕业设计的课题可从以下几个方面综合考虑

1、有利于综合学生所学知识。

2、能结合学科特点。

3、尽可能联系实际。

4、有一定的应用价值。

2064个字~

Electric circuit exchange network

and vb transfer database

The result of the connection setup with circuit switching is the reservation of bandwidth all the way from the sender to the receiver. All packets follow this path. Among other properties, hing all packets follow the same path means that they cannot arrive out of order. With packet switching there is no path , so different packets can follow different paths, depending on network conditions at the time they are sent. They may arrive out of order.

Packet switching is more fault tolerant than circuit switching. In fact, that is why it was invented. If a switch goes down, all of the circuits using it are terminated and no more traffic can be sent on any of them. With Packet switching, packets can be routed around dead switches.

Setting up a path in advance also opens up the possibility of reserving bandwidth in advance. If bandwidth is reserved, then when a packet arrives, it can be sent out immediately over the reserved bandwidth. With packet switching, no bandwidth is reserved, so packets may he to wait their turn to be forwarded.

Hing bandwidth reserved in advance means that no congestion can occur when a packet shows up (unless more packets show up than expected).On the other hand, when an attempt is made to establish a circuit, the attempt can fail due to congestion. Thus, congestion can occur at different times with circuit switching(at setup time) and packet switching(when packets are sent).

If a circuit has been reserved for a particular user and there is no traffic to send, the bandwidth of that circuit is wasted. It cannot be used for other traffic. Packet switching does not waste bandwidth and thus is more efficient form a system-wide perspective. Understanding this trade-off is crucial for comprehending the difference between circuit switching and packet switching. The trade-off is between guaranteed service and wasting resources versus not guaranteeing service and not wasting resources.

Packet switching uses store-and-forward transmission. A packet is accumulated. in a router’s memory, then sent on to the next router. With circuit switching, the bits just flow through the wire continuously. The store-and-forward technique adds delay.

Another difference is that circuit switching is completely transparent. The sender and receiver can use any bit rate, format, or framing method they want to. The carrier does not know or care. With packet switching, the carrier determines the basic parameters. A rough analogy is a road versus a railroad. In the former, the user determines the size, speed, and nature of the vehicle; in the latter, the carrier does. It is this transparency that allows voice, data, and fax to coexist within the phone system.

A final difference between circuit and packet switching is the charging algorithm. With circuit switching, charging has historically been based on distance and time. For mobile phones, distance usually does not play a role, except for international calls, and time plays only a minor role(e.g., a calling plan with 2000 free minutes costs more than one with 1000 free minutes and sometimes night or weekend calls are cheaper than normal).With packet switching, connect time is not an issue, but the volume of traffic sometimes is. For home users, ISPs usually charge a flat monthly rate because it is less work for them and their customers can understand this model easily, but backbone carriers charge regional networks based on the volume of their traffic. The differences are summarized in Fig.2-40.

Item Circuit Switched Packet Switched

Call setup Required Not needed

Dedicated physical path Yes No

Each packet follows the same route Yes No

Packets arrive in order Yes No

Is a switch crash fatal Yes No

Bandwidth ailable Fixed Dynamic

Time of possible congestion At setup time On every packet

Potentially wasted bandwidth Yes No

Store-and-forward transmission No Yes

Transparency Yes No

Charging Per minute Per packet

Both circuit switching and packet switching are important enough that we will come back to them shortly and describe the various technologies used in detail.

2.6 THE MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM

The traditional telephone system(even if it some day gets multi-gigabit end-to-end fiber) will still not be able to satisfy a growing group of users :people on the go .People now expect to make phone calls from airplanes ,cars ,swimming pools ,and while jogging in the park .Within a few years they will also expect to send e-mail and surf the Web from all these locations and more consequently ,there is a tremendous amount of interest in wireless telephony .In the following sections we will study this topic in some detail.

Wireless telephones come in two basic varieties :cordless phones and mobile phones(sometimes called cell phones),Cordless phones are devices consisting of a base station and a handset sold as a set for use within the home. These are never used for networking ,so we will not examine them further .Instead we will concentrate on the mobile system ,which is used for wide area voice and data communication.

Mobile phones he gone through three distinct generations ,with different technologies:

1. Analog voice

2. Digital voice

3. Digital voice and data(Internet ,e-mail ,etc.).

Although most of our discussion will be about the technology of these systems ,it is interesting to note how political and tiny marketing decisions can he a huge impact .The first mobile system was devised in the U.S. by AT&T and mandated for the whole country by the FCC .As a result ,the entire U.S. had a single(analog) system and a mobile phone purchased in California also worked in New York .In contrast ,when mobile came to Europe ,every country devised its own system ,which resulted in a fiasco.

Europe learned from its mistake and when digital came around, the -run PTTs got together and standardized on a single system(GSM),so any European mobile phone will word anywhere in Europe .By then ,the U.S. had decided that should not be in the standardization business ,so it left digital to the marketplace .This decision resulted in different equipment manufacturers producing different kinds of mobile phones .As a consequence ,the U.S. now has two major incompatible digital mobile phone systems in operation(plus one minor one).

Despite an initial lead by the U.S. , mobile phone ownership and usage in Europe is now far greater than in the U.S. Hing a single system for all of Europe is part of the reason ,but there is more .A second area where the U.S. and Europe differed is in the humble matter of phone numbers .In the U.S. mobile phones are mixed in with regular (fixed) telephones .Thus ,there is no way for a caller to see if ,say ,(212)234-5678 is a fixed telephone (cheap or free call) or a mobile phone (expensive call).To keep people from getting nervous about using the telephone ,the telephone companies decided to make the mobile phone owner pay for incoming calls .As a consequence ,many people hesitated to buy a mobile phone for fear of running up a big bill by just receiving calls .In Europe ,mobile phones he a special area code (analogous to 800 and 900 numbers) so they are instantly recognizable .Consequently , the usual rule of “caller pays” also lies to mobile phones in Europe (except for international calls where costs are split).

A third issue that has had a large impact on adoption is the widespread use of prepaid mobile phones in Europe (up to 75% in some areas ).These can be purchased in many stores with no more formality than buying a radio .You pay and you go .They are preloaded with ,for example ,20 or 50 euro and can be recharged (using a secret PIN code ) when the balance drops to zero . As a consequence , practically every ager and many small children in Europe he (usually prepaid ) mobile phones so their parents can locate them ,without the danger of the child running up a huge bill .If the mobile phone is used only occasionally ,its use is essentially free since there is no monthly charge or charge for incoming calls .

2.6.1 First-Generation Mobile Phones :Analog Voice

Enough about the politics and marketing aspects of mobile phones .Now let us look at the technology ,starting with the earliest system .Mobile radiotelephones were used sporadically for maritime and military communication during the early decades of the 20th century .In 1946, the first system for car-based telephones was set up in St.Louis .This system used a single large transmitter on top of a tall building and had a single channel ,used for both sending and receiver .Such systems ,known as push-to-talk systems ,were installed in several cities beginning in the late 1950s.CB-radio,taxis,and police cars on television programs often use this technology.

In the 1960s,IMTS(Improved Mobile Telephone System) was installed .It ,too ,used a high-powered (200-watt) transmitter ,on top of a hill , but now had two frequencies ,one for sending and one for receiving , so the push-to-talk button was no longer needed . Since all communication from the mobile telephones went inbound on a different channel than the outbound signals ,the mobile users could not hear each other (unlike the push-to-talk system used in taxis).

IMTS supported 23 channels spread out from 150 MHz to 450 MHz .Due to the small number of channels ,users often had to wait a long time before getting a dial tone .Also ,due to the large power of the hilltop transmitter ,adjacent systems had to be several hundred kilometers apart to oid interference . All in all ,the limited capacity made the system impractical.

In VB6.0 MSChart controls is one function formidable high-level graph tool, has the rich graph plan function, may demonstrate two-dimensional and the three dimensional good chart, the linear chart, the cake chart and so on the many kinds of commonly used graph. Recently I in order to in double struck the graph when some region will the database content which corresponded with this region controlled on in DataGrid demonstrates, encountered many difficulties, finally used one to solve the problem from definition variable SelectSeries, concrete method as follows:

Supposes the database name is " the student information ", has one Access table " the student result ", its content is one class student's test result, includes the student number, the name, the result 3 fields, the result field form is the character, the value is " is superior ", " is good ", " center ", " the difference " center one.

Window Form1 includes one MSChart controls MC$score, the type for the two-dimensional cake chart, uses in to demonstrate each kind of result the student counts; One ADO controls AdScore uses in to connect the database; One DataGrid controls DgScore uses in by the form form demonstration database content.

The work process is: Double strikes the cake chart some region, then DgScore demonstrates the corresponding result the student name list.

Code as follows:

Option Explicit

Dim SelectedSeries as Integer ' from definition variable

Dim Rs () as String ' withdraws the character string array which the record compendium uses

Private Sub Form_Load ()

' Establishes DataGrid controls the data pool

DgScore.DataSource= " AdScore "

' Establishes ADO controls the connection character string and the initial record source, namely demonstration content

AdScore.ConnectString= " Provider=Microsoftc.oledb.3.51; Persist_Security Info=False; Data Source= student information "

AdScore.RecordSource= " selet * from student result order by result "

AdScore.Refresh

' Supposes in advance withdraws the SQL sentence which the recording uses

Rs (1) = " select * from the student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " is superior " + _Chr (34) + " order the by result "

Rs (2) = " select * from the student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " is good " + _Chr (34) + " order the by result "

Rs (3) = " select * from student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " center " + _Chr (34) + " order by result "

Rs (4) = " select * from student result where result = " + Chr (34) + " difference " _Chr (34) + " order by result "

End Sub

Private Sub MC$score_SeriesSelected (Series as Integer, MouseFlags as _Integer, Cancel as Integer)

SelectedSeries=Series

End Sub

Private Sub MC$score_PointSelected (Series as Integer, DataPoint as_Integer, MouseFlags as

Integer, Cancel as Integer)

SelectedSeries=Series

End Sub

Private Sub MC$score_Db1Click ()

' Changes ADO controls the record source and renovates

Adoc1.RecordSource=Rs (SeletedSeries)

Adoc1.Refresh

End Sub

---- VB does for the rapid lication development (RAD) the tool more and more oains the development personnel's roval and accepts. It to many API (for example ODBC API, SOCKET API and so on) the seal causes the programming to change is simple. At the same time, it supports under the integrated development environment visible, the event actuates, to be object-oriented and so on the programming characteristic. Under, we chat in VB transfer the memory process the realization method and its the matters needing attention.

---- We know, the VB database programming has permits the many kinds of method, for instance straight takes over the use of ODBC the API programming, this method is flexible, is highly effective, the programmer may realize to the database complex control; Also may use in VB the data object, like RDO (long-distance data object), DAO (data visit object), ADO (ActiveX data object), this method realizes conveniently, quickly, but flexible worse somewhat. As a result of memory process in realization data merit and so on seal, hideaway as well as code pre- translation, reduced network load, maintenance convenience, therefore does by many RDBMS and the programming tool the support. In VB each 类数 also provides to ses the process according to the object the support.

---- We as regularly explain its realization take ADO the step

---- 1. Foundation, debugging memory process. You may also be allowed to hang the procedure in the database outside other under the support carry on the memory process the foundation and the debugging work. In this example memory process code is as follows (uses in PUBS MS SQL the example storehouse):

CREATE PROCEDURE myprocedure

@job_id smallint,

@job_lvl tinyint

AS

SELECT *

FROM employee

WHERE job_id < @job_id

AND job_lvl > @job_lvl

---- 2. Produces one new project in VB, the project has one window, one COMMAND (NAME: COMMAND1) button, one MlexGrid (NAME: MlexGrid1) controls.

---- 3. The foundation connects ADO connection;

---- 4. The foundation orders ADO command;

---- 5. The foundation parameter and establishes each parameter the attribute;

---- 6. Carries out ADO command;

---- 7. The logarithm according to carries on processing; MlexGrid demonstrates inquires data

---- 8. The release connects, withdrawal procedure.

---- Code as follows:

States below the variable in the window:

Dim cnn1 As ADODB.Connection ' connects

Dim mycommand As ADODB.Command ' orders

Dim parm_jobid As ADODB.Parameter ' parameter 1

Dim parm_joblvl As ADODB.Parameter ' parameter 2

Dim rstByQuery As ADODB.Recordset ' result collection

Dim strCnn As String ' connection character string

Joins the following code in the window LOAD event:

Set cnn1 = New ADODB.Connection

' Produces one connects

strCnn = \ " DSN=MYDSN; uid=sa; pwd=\ "

' Foundation system data pool MYDSN aims at the PUBS database

cnn1.Open strCnn ' opens connects

Joins the code as follows in window UNLOAD:

cnn1.Close ' the closure connects

Set cnn1 = Nothing ' the release connects

In button code as follows:

Dim i As integer

Dim j as integer

Set parm_jobid = New ADODB.Parameter

Set mycommand = New ADODB.Command

\' parm_jobid.Name = \ " name1\ "

this line can be ommited

parm_jobid.Type = adInteger '