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历年非谓语动词高考题汇编,2014高考非谓语

tamoadmin 2024-06-26 人已围观

简介1._____ her leg the last time, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year. A...2.高中英语非谓语动词讲解3.英语短文改错套路十点 高考英语改错技巧及固定规律4.如何应对2014英语高考题型新改变5.高中英语语法解题秘诀一个英语句子必需有一个主谓结够,谓语就是句子中的动词。根据具

1._____ her leg the last time, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year. A...

2.高中英语非谓语动词讲解

3.英语短文改错套路十点 高考英语改错技巧及固定规律

4.如何应对2014英语高考题型新改变

5.高中英语语法解题秘诀

历年非谓语动词高考题汇编,2014高考非谓语

一个英语句子必需有一个主谓结够,谓语就是句子中的动词。根据具体的人称数量的变换谓语动词也要相应的变换。

非谓语就是当一个句子中已经有谓语了,你还要用一个动词,这是这个动词就只能用非谓语形式:ing(常用于表主动进行)和ed(用于被动和完成)

情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语

一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。

Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)

Mary can speak three languages.(知识)

Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。

I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:

He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.

2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。

---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?

---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.

This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。

Can this be true?

This can’t be done by him.

How can this be true?

二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。

----Might/ May I smoke in this room?

---- No, you mustn’t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?

---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。

May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。

1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.

三、 must, have to

1) 表示必须、必要。

You must come in time.

在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?

---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.

2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.

四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I’m unfair?

2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。

1.You needn’t come so early.

2. ---- Need I finish the work today?

---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

1. I dare to swim across this river.

2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today.

五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)

3. He shall be punished.(威胁)

六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

八、 情态动词+不定式完成式(have done)

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虚拟语气)

2. He can’t have been to that town.(推测)

3. Can he have got the book?(推测)

2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互换。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

He will have arrived by now.

虚拟

1、条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。

时间

从句谓语形式

主句谓语形式

将来

动词过去式(be用were)

should + 动词原形

were to + 动词原形

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

现在

动词过去式(be 用 were)

would / should / might / could + 动词原形

过去

had +动词过去分词

would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词

2. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为: should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。

(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为: can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.yygrammar.com):

He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。

3. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如:

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他,

4、英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词

5、

英语中,wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from www.yygrammar.com):

表示所发生的时间

虚拟语气结构

发生在主句动作之前

(1)had + 过去分词;

(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词

与主句动作同时发生

过去时(be 用were )

发生在主句动作之后

would / could / might / should + 原形动词

6、

英语中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:

表示所发生的时间

虚拟语气结构

过去

had + 过去分词;

现在

过去时(be 用were )

将来

过去时(be 用were )

7、表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction,

order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,

wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时,表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 动词原形。

_____ her leg the last time, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year. A...

1、2014年英语单项选择题变语法填空题,《2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲的说明》中在P82明确指出了:本年将取消延续数十载的传统单项选择类题型,新加入了语言知识运用的第二节,俗称“语法填空”题型。

2、此类题型对于那些词汇语法基础较好的同学实际上降低了难度,因为题目给出提示词的几个空必然是送分题,考生必须拿分。而在剩余的空中更强调语篇语境的理解,扎实的语法词汇功底和语感会帮助考生解题。但对于那些平时基础不太好的考生来说,除了要复习语法体系,还要适当增加填完空缺部分后整体篇章的熟读甚至进行部分的背诵以培养语感。在语法层面上,归根结底,词法部分侧重考查动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、冠词、代词、并列连词、形容词与副词、介词等;句法部分侧重考查定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、强调句型、倒装、省略句等。试题本着“突出语境、重在运用、符合表达、体现能力”的原则,强调语法知识在具体语境中的运用,因此掌握一定的文化背景、揣摩说话人的意图成了解决语法填空的关键。

高中英语非谓语动词讲解

D

试题分析:break 动作与Brenda之间是主动关系,同时折了腿这个动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,故用完成式。句意:由于上次摔折了腿,Brenda今年决定不参加学校的滑雪活动。

点评:本题重在理解非谓语动词的用法,非谓语动词是高考语法点的重中之重。把握好以下的知识:to do 表目的、将来;doing 表主动、伴随;done表被动、完成。同时答题步骤为:1.判断是否为非谓语动词,看是否有连词。2.找逻辑主语。3.判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系。4.看是否非谓语动词动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,如果是之前,就用完成式的形式。

英语短文改错套路十点 高考英语改错技巧及固定规律

一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一)概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。

1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:

(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被状语修饰:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)

We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)

(4)都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)

We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(现在分词的逻辑主语)

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:

(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:

二、非谓语动词用法:

(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,

例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不

定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

 I have a meeting to attend.

 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

 He found a good house to live in.

 The child has nothing to worry about.

 What did you open it with?

 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

 He has no place to live.

 This is the best way to work out this problem.

 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

 Have you got anything to send?

 Have you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

 We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

 He is the first to get here.

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

 He worked day and night to get the money.

 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

 wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

 right:To save money, he has tried every means.

 wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

 right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果:

 He arrived late to find the train gone.

 常用only放在不定式前表示强调:

 I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

 They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

 It's too dark for us to see anything.

 The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作独立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)动名词:

动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式:

否定式:not + 动名词

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部**。

(4)完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5)否定式:not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定语:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?

(5)作同位语:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

(三)现在分词:

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1、现在分词的形式:

否定式:not + 现在分词

(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成

式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。

(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动

词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.现在分词的句法功能:

(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语

放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的**很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3)作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

(4)现在分词作状语:

①作时间状语:

 (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语:

 Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语,表示伴随:

 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。

④作条件状语:

 (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语:

 He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语:

 He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语:

 Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。

 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。

 Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。

 有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式

 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分:

 udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

 从外表看,他一定是个演员。

 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

(四)过去分词:

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1.过去分词作定语:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语:

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)

newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)

the changed world(变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。

4.过去分词作状语:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life

如何应对2014英语高考题型新改变

很多高中生在做英语改错题的时候不知道怎么答题 ,往往在改错部分丢分严重,下面我为大家整理了英语短文改错套路以及相关答题技巧,供参考!

英语短文改错十点套路有哪些

1.谓语动词:①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词:单复数错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)

5.形容词和副词:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词:代词的主格和宾格(i/me;he/him;she/her;we/usthey/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

8.介词:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用

9.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及hundred,thousand,dozen,score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。

10.上下文的逻辑关系:but,and,so,however,otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before,after,when,until,since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。

高考英语改错技巧总结

一、答题前先8看:

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3.非谓语动词的用法;

4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

二、短文改错答题4原则:

1.改动以最少为原则;

2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;

3.实词以改变词形为原则;

4.以保持句子原意为原则。

答题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲。

英语短文改错规律有哪些

考点1关联词使用不当

[典例1] After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

分析句意为:他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整,不缺少成分,所以应该用that引导从句或省略。故去掉where或将where改为that。

[典例2] There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

分析两个简单句之间为并列关系而非选择关系,所以将or改为and。

考点2多余或缺少连词

[典例1] Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析在让步状语从句中,although不可以与but连用,因为although位于句首,故只能去掉but或将but改为yet。

[典例2] He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中which引导的是定语从句,修饰主句He had a deep voice,而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词,根据他们的并列关系,确定he前加and。

考点3介词与连词混用

[典例] In fact,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中during为介词,不可以连接两个独立谓语的句子,根据逻辑关系,后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。

高中英语语法解题秘诀

今年英语试卷由四部分组成:第一部分听力(30分,不计入总分),第二部分阅读理解(包含阅读和七选五,共40分),第三部分语言知识运用(包含完形填空和语法填空,共45分),第四部分写作(包含短文改错和书面表达,共35分),总分为150分。

建议考生针对考纲的变化与要求,一方面过好词汇关、语法关,即对考纲中词汇和语法进行梳理,避免繁、杂、乱,要学会在语境中活用;另一方面,在加强各题型的答题方法和解题策略时,要通过实际练习进行归纳和整理,提高自己的解题技能。

新增的语法填空部分着重在语篇层面考查考生的语法分析能力,强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确使用。考生需灵活运用语法知识,如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。其目的是考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法知识的能力。针对这个情况,考生答题时既要考虑上下文语义连贯, 又要分析句子结构的完整性、合理性和可行性。建议考生不要死记硬背语法规则,要对于语篇进行全面的分析判断,灵活运用所学语法知识。备考中要注意加强分析句子结构的能力,懂得在什么时候该用什么词性的单词充当特定句子成分。此外,对词汇本身用法要熟练掌握,如对于动词,要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法;对于连词、介词、副词等,要掌握其用法,熟练运用和准确定位。因为是填空题,考生还应注意单词拼写和基本词形变换的规范准确。

高中英语是教育教学的重要课程,在高考中占据着非常重要的比重,是大分值科目之一。下面是我给大家整理的,供大家参阅!

 

 语法填空的考查范围:

 1. 语境 上下文;

 2. 语法:

动词时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、

 情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高阶及构词法、倒装等。

 语法填空的能力要求:

 1. 阅读/理解语篇的能力

 3. 熟练运用语法的能力

 2. 分析句子结构的能力 4. 单词拼写能力 型别 简单句: 并列句 复合句 五种基本句转折 因果 联合 选择 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 形容词性从句: 定语从句 时间,地点 原因,目的 状语从句 结果,条件方式,让步

 注意事项

 1. 动词注意时态,主被动,非谓语等善于联络上下文,一些词的时态和语态等形式可以由此推出。

 2. 留意句号、逗号,如空前是逗号,则考查非限制性的定语从句或插入语的机会极大。

 3. 注意长句中短语的前后响应。

 eg: Students must devote as much of their time as possible, at and after school,

 college entrance exams. to

 4. 填名词时要特别注意要不要复数。可以看后面谓语动词是什么形式,也可以看前面有无one of.

 5. 有些空的答案需看完下文才能确定。 eg: A new study from Finland shows pet owners tend to be heavier, active and in poorer health than people without a pet, which was __released in PLOS ONE?

 07汕头一模此空less与more都可填,但看完下文就知只能填less。

 6. 填词的适当形式有时会要求填反义词。 eg: Many people in the USA think that doctors are overpaid. Most doctors, agree however.. 此空应填disagree。由于句中的“however” 可以看出该句与上句是相反的, 故用agree的反义词。

 7. 一空有可能是2-3词,而出现这种情况通常是固定结构。如to+动词原形,be+-ed分词表被动,或适当的时态,如have been doing等。

 8. 有些可能令人觉得不用填句子也通,这时要特别留意有没有可能是下列这些情况: 反身代词;do/did/does作强调时的使用;that作主表从句的引导词。

 9. 句首设空,以“ ”的形式出现,立即想起这些词:however, therefore, besides,otherwise。

 10. 在高考评分标准原则上,能用一个词的就尽量用一个词。

 

 一、语法填空“新”在哪里

 1.语法填空是2014年英语高考中的新题型,共10个小题,每小题1.5分,满分仍为15分,难度却大大加大。

 2.语法填空题旨在考查大家在阅读理解的基础上对语法和语言知识的掌握情况,着重考查综合运用语言的能力。这样,我们在平时准备的时候就要花更多的功夫。除了熟记、熟练语法、单词,还应该多做阅读题,在掌握基础知识的基础上,提升运用语言知识的能力。

 3.语法填空主要有短文和对话两种形式,短文略简单,但参考其他省份的高考命题情况,以短文形式为多。文章长度在200词左右,命题形式主要有纯空格形式和提供单词原形两种形式。就语法点而言,实词 具有实际意义,能够充任主语、宾语或谓语的词以考查动词、代词、形容词、副词为主,而动词又是重中之重;虚词以介词、冠词、连词、代词为主;句法则以复合句定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的引导词 为主。

 二、解题步骤

 1.通读全文,了解大意,为下一步填空做好准备。

 2.试填空格,先易后难,这是解题的关键。要结 合短文所提供的特定的语境也就是上下文,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。

 3.重读全文,解决难题,检查答案。所有空格填好后,要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍,检查单词拼写,大小写,词的单复数等是否正确。

 三、解题技巧

 一纯空格试题

 首先分析句子结构,确定填哪类词;再根据句子意思,确定具体填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

 注:句子的基本结构:

 主语 + 谓语动词+ 宾语

 主语 + 系动词+ 表语

 He likes football.

 She is beautiful.

 1、缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词多考代词

 I can send a message to Lily whenever I want, and __it___gets there almost in a second.

 解析:横线后的词get是动词,作谓语,横线上的词为主语,则应填入名词或是代词,而此句译为:我可以在任意时间给Lily资讯,而且它立刻就可以送到她那儿了。因而应该填入代词it代替message。

 2、名词前是空格,且该名词前无限定词,如:冠词a/an/the,形容词性物主代词his/her/your/my等,名词所有格人称’s,基数词one等,序数词the first等,量词a pair of 等或不定代词some, any, others, another等,则很可能是填限定词。

 It is said that a short-tempered man in Song Dynasty960-1279 was very anxious to help__his___ rice crop grow up quickly.

 解析:rice米饭,是一个名词,前面没有限定词,而此句译为据说宋朝有一个急性子的人,他想让他的水稻长快点。因此,应填入形容词性的物主代词his.

 3. 名词或代词前面是空格,句中本身已经有主语、表语、宾语,说明该名词或代词不作句子的主语、宾语、表语,则应填入介词。 ---who should have the honor of receiving me__as___a guest in their house.

 解析:空格位于名词a guest 前面,a guest不作句子的主语、宾语、表语,而句子译为:谁有荣幸让我能作为客人到他家去呢?因此,填入介词as表示作为。

 4.若两个或几个单词、短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词and等 Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, __and__ a sum of money. 解析:gold medal金牌,diploma证书,a sum of money一大笔钱, 都是名词,因此应该填入连词and.

 5. 若两句一个主谓关系算一个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词before, when, but等

 I wanted to visit my grandpa__before__ I went to Beijing.

 解析:I want to visit my grandpa, I went to Beijing是两个句子,句中无分号或句号,而句子译为:我想在去北京之前看看我的爷爷,因此填入before.

 6. 若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不致时,很可能是填情态动词can, should等 或表示强调、倒装的助动词do, does, did.

 To their credit, the four countries __do__work together in some areas. 解析:work为动词原形,此句主谓宾不缺,结构较为完整,翻译为:值得赞扬的是这几个国家确实在一些领域合作了。因此填入do表示强调。

 7. 由特殊句式来判断空格处应填入的词。如:it iswas---that强调句,倒装句it作形式主语、宾语等。

 __It__ is important for us students to study hard at school.

 二给出了动词的题

 首先判断要填的词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后按以下两点进行思考。

 1.若句子中除了所给出的动词外没有别的动词,则该动词在剧中充当谓语动词,涉及时态尤其要注意主语是第三人称单数时的变化和语态 被动语态be+done的变化.

 In London, three people __were taken__taketo a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.

 解析:three people ____taketo a hospital句中,有且仅有一个动词take, 说明它在句中作谓语,为谓语动词,有时太语态变化,而句子译为:在伦敦三个人被送到医院治疗,而其他人都在当地的诊所。Three people是被送到医院,存在被动,因此填入were taken。

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 2.若句中已有谓语动词除了所给动词外还有别的动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词, 就要确定用V-ing形式表示主动和进行、V-ed形式表示被动和完成,还是用不定式形式todo表示目的和将来。

 __Toplete__ plete the project on time, we will have to work two more hours.

 解析:we will have to work two more hours句中已有谓语will have to work,因此plete为非谓语,而句子译为:为了准时完成计划,我们不得不多工作两个小时。填入To plete表示目的。

 三词类转换试题

 根据该词在句子所作的句子成分确定用哪种形式。

 1.作表语,定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。

 be+ adj 作表语; 定语相当于一个adj,放在名词前

 The youth immediately felt _silent___silence as tears flew down his big blue eyes.

 解析:feel是系动词,常接adj作表语,silence的名词形式是silent安静的。

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 2.所给的词作句子的主语、及物动词或是介词之后的宾语,用名词形式。

 These people have made a great _contribution___contribute to China with their work.

 解析:These people作句子主语,have made作谓语,则a great ____ 应该做宾语,填入contribute的名词形式contribution

 3.在冠词、形容词性物主代词后,或“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式 With the large numbers of students , the __ operation __operate of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

 解析:the 是冠词,后面应该跟operate的名词形式operation, 句子译为:因为学生数量太多,这个系统的执行还需要大量的实践。

 4.用副词形式修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语 As I looked _closely___ close at this girl, I found that—

 解析:look动词作状语,用副词closely

 5.有的时候会不必改变词类,而要求通过加上字首im/ un-等,字尾-less等,填入括号中所给词的反义词。

 Your mistake caused a lot of __unnecessary_necessarywork in the office.

 解析:work 名词,前面应该是用形容词作定语,而此句译为:你的错误给办公室带来了很多不必要的错误。因此通过加上字首un-,填入necessary的反义词unnecessary不必要的

 注意:有时,括号中所给词是动词,但不一定就考查谓语动词或非谓语动词,也有可能是考查词类转换。特别注意,如果括号中所给的词是形容词,所考察内容不外乎其反义词,副词,比较级和词类转换。

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