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动词的时态和语态的高考题_高考动词时态和语态
tamoadmin 2024-06-14 人已围观
简介1.八大时态的被动语态的公式是什么2.急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!3.八种时态怎么变被动语态?4.英语有几种时态?分别是什么?5.动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总高考英语主要的语法点考察为以下三块:动词时态语态、非谓语动词和各类从句。动词时态语态:语态主要注意被动语态的问题即可,当选项中出现了被动语态和主动语态的区别时要特别注意,
1.八大时态的被动语态的公式是什么
2.急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!
3.八种时态怎么变被动语态?
4.英语有几种时态?分别是什么?
5.动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总
高考英语主要的语法点考察为以下三块:动词时态语态、非谓语动词和各类从句。
动词时态语态:
语态主要注意被动语态的问题即可,当选项中出现了被动语态和主动语态的区别时要特别注意,这一点比较简单。
时态是动作时间和动作状态两者的叠加,时间分成三种:过去、现在、将来;状态分成三种:一般、进行、完成。所以遇到这种题的时候,首先考虑动作发生的时间,是发生了,还是没有发生,还是现在发生。然后考虑动作的状态,是总是出现,还是正在或一直出现,还是已经出现完了。按照这两步走,时态题并不难。
此外还需要注意两种特殊时态:would do是过去将来,表示过去的时候说将要发生的事情,如“他昨天告诉我下个月他要去夏威夷”。have/has/had been doing是完成进行,表示最近一直在做的事情,如“近两年他一直在为这个杂志写稿”。
非谓语动词
主被动是非谓语动词的重点,所以务必关注到底动作和主句主语名词的关系,是主动发出还是被动发出。
doing:主动、进行、描述物
done:被动、完成、描述人
to do:目的、将来
此外需要注意这几个特殊情况:
to be done:将要被…(动作还没有发生)
having been done:被…了(与主句动作有先后之分)
being done:一直被… / 正在被…
从句
从句主要注意主句和从句是否是完整的。空格开始就是从句开始的位置。
主句 从句
不完整 / 主语从句或宾语从句,按照关系词的意思选
完整 不完整 定语从句,只能填关系代词 that which who等
完整 完整 定语从句,只能填关系副词 when where
同位语从句,只能填that,高考北京没考过
状语从句,注意逻辑关系
完形填空
1、考前一定要把这一年做过的错题重新看一遍。完形填空单词重复考察率是很高的,所以通过温习错题可以达到考前冲刺查缺补漏的目的。
2、重新看错题的时候特别注意动词的错误。每年高考完形填空动词考察是最重要的,所以要特别关注动词与其它动作的关系,还要注意动作发出者和承受者与动作之间的联系。
阅读理解
一定要考虑作者写作文章的目的是什么。作者写一篇文章一定有自己的出发点,从这个角度出发,考虑是什么样的人在读这篇文章,作者的写作是为了让谁来看。所有的问题都是和作者目的有关的,所以即使有些选项表述正确,但和作者写作目的不相符,也不能选择。
另外要看你现在的成绩是什么档次。以北京卷为例:
基本要求:90分
听力 24分
单选 7分
完形 19.5分
阅读 24分
写作 15分
中等要求:110分
听力 27分
单选 10分
完形 24分
阅读 30分
写作 20分
高级要求:130分
听力 30分
单选 13分
完形 25.5分
阅读 34分
写作 25分
看看自己哪个方面没有达到要求,然后进行专项突破。语法完形多看错题查缺补漏,阅读每天5篇保证状态,写作要多记忆好短语好句型。
八大时态的被动语态的公式是什么
时态 - 定义
英语语法中的时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的十种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这十种时态的基础上结合而成的。
时态 - 一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
时态 - 二、 一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
时态 - 三、 现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构:be+doing
4.否定形式:be+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
时态 - 四、 过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing
4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
时态 - 五、 现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done
4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
时态 - 六、 过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done.
4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
时态 - 七、 一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
时态 - 八、 过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
时态 - 九、将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
时态 - 十、现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
时态 - 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
时态 - 十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
时态 - 十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
时态 - 互相转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
时态 - 十六种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
急求“高中英语语法时态(过去、现在、将来)的结构、用法及练习题,能提供历年高考相关的题更好!!!
这是我自己整理的,希望对你有帮助.(每个公式中的done表示过去分词)
1.一般现在时.
is/am/are+done
e.g:you're wanted on the phone.
2.现在进行时.
is/am/are+being+done
e.g:The homework is being written (by Tom)now.
3.一般将来时.
will/shall be+done
e.g:The car will be repaired (by him)tomorrow.
4.现在完成时.
have/has been+done
e.g:Many bridges have been repaired.
5.一般过去时。
was/were+done
e.g:He is seen to go out of school.
6.过去进行时。
was/were+doing+done
e.g:The room was being cleaned this time yesterday.
7.过去将来时。
would be+done
e.g:He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.
8.过去完成时。
had been+done
Our classroom had been cleaned last Tuseday.
八种时态怎么变被动语态?
讲解和题目都有了,只是题目太长,经济年度高考题也有好几十条,粘不上来,要觉得好就给你邮箱
语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态
动词的时态
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
(一)一般现在时
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other.
2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.
3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。
(二)一般过去时
1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如: I used to do my homework in the library.
(三)一般将来时
1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:
I will/shall graduate next year.
2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如:
Crops will die without water.
You won’t succeed without their support.
3. 几种替代形式:
(1) be going to+动词原形结构的用法
这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如:
What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?
此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:
Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。
I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。
注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:
① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:
There’ll (=is going to) be a football match in our school next week.
下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。
② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如:
I will (=am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。
注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如:
They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。
—- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。
—I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去(端)。
③ be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:
We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。
He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。
The house will break down. 那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。
④ 表示预测:be going to表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如:
It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。
I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。
⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:
Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?
⑥ be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:
If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now.
你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。
⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如:
If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国,你会喜欢那儿的食物的。
(2) be+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如:
You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。
We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。
The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。
(3) be about+动词不定式结构的用法
这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如:
I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。
(4) be+v.-ing结构的用法
这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:
Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?
Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。
(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法
这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词, 例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外,在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:
I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。
School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。
I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来,我就把书给他。
(四)现在进行时
1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
He is writing a letter now.
2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等)。
He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)
The boy is always talking in class. (表示不满)
3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语)。
How many of you are coming to the party?
(五)现在完成时
1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如:
I have just finished my homework.
Mary has been ill for three days.
2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中:
(1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句;
(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;
(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如:
This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
(六)过去进行时
过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如:
We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
(七)过去完成时
1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:
We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如:
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away.
另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是:
(1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如:
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.
(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如:
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:
① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如:
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如:
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
③ by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如:
The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
(八) 一般过去将来时
1. 一般过去将来时的形式
should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式
2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如:
He said that he would speak at the meeting.
He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.
(九)现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如:
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it.
注意:运用动词时态要注意的几个问题
1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如:
We’ll give him the book if he wants it.
He decided to fight back if he was hit again.
I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.
2. 时态的一致(时态的呼应),如
We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.
I didn’t know if she would come.
He admitted that he had been on the march.
*不进行时态调整的情况:
(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理,如:
Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.
(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如
Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?
3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如:
误:I have received her letter for three months.
正:I received her letter three months ago.
正:It is three months since I received her letter.
4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型
* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.
She was about to go out when it started to rain
* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如:
It’s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
* It is / has been… since…
It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.
* hardly…when…
We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.
* no sooner…than…
No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.
英语有几种时态?分别是什么?
八种时态的被动语态:(变 be 的时态即可,done不动)
1、一般现在时:am / is/ are + done
Granny looks after the little girl every day.→The little girl is looked after by Granny every day.奶奶每天照顾那个小女孩。
2、一般过去时:was /were + done
My aunt brought up me.→I was brought up by my aunt.我是由姑姑带大的。
3、一般将来时:will +be done
They will give me a chance to play in this game again.→I will be given a chance to play in this game again.我将要获得再一次参赛的机会。
4、一般过去将来时:would+ be done
The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.→The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.经理说这项工程将会在年底被完成。
5、现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done
The radio is broadcasting English lessons.→English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.英语课正在广播中。
6、过去进行时:was / were + being + done
The workers were mending the road.→The road was being mended.这条路正在修。
7、现在完成时:have /has + been + done
Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.→I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.有人告诉我运动会可能会被延迟。
8、过去完成时:had + been + done
When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.→When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.当我到剧院时,我发现票已经卖完了。
扩展资料:
被动语态记忆口诀及语态转换时应注意的问题:
1、一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。
2、完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。
3、一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为be done。
4、将来进行无被动,shall(will)be doing。
5、现在完成时,被动 have(has)been done。
6、现、过进行be doing,被动be加being done。
7、情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。
8、否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
9、主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。
10、一般情助加be done,双宾多将间宾变。
11、复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
第二句“be有人称、时、数变”即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。“情助”是指情态动词和助动词“must,may,can,shall,will”等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
“疑问一助置主前”是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总
英语共有16种时态,分为一般现在时(do),一般过去时(did),一般将来时(will do),现在进行时(is/am/are doing),过去进行时(was/were doing),将来进行时(可与一般将来时换用,will be doing),现在完成时(have/has done)。
过去完成时(had done),发生在一般过去时的动作之前),将来完成时(will have done),现在完成进行时(have/has been doing),过去完成进行时(had been doing),将来完成进行时(will have been doing),过去将来时(would do),过去将来进行时(would be doing),过去将来完成时(would have done),过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)等。
扩展材料:时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,在英语中有16种时态。
在语法里,时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式,通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。
时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。
有些语言,没有时态的使用,如分析语的中文,但必要时,仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言,如日文,形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯,有着类似动词的时态性质。还有些语言,如俄文,一个单词就能表现出时态和体貌。
参考资料:
动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系,许多同学都掌握得不好。让我们一起学习吧!以下我为大家编辑的动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总,欢迎大家阅读!
1 动词的语态
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
琴声悠悠550字1 let 的用法
1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
2) 若let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2 短语 动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
4不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
5 主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 这本书销路好。
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
6 被动形式表示主动意义
be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他 毕业 于一所有名的大学。
注意: 表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
7 need/want/require/worth
注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
典型例题
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (实意) +n /to do,need (情态)+ do,当为被动语态时,还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法,选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。
典:done,"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时)。
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