英语高考阅读理解题肢设计理论,英语高考阅读理解题

1.如何做好“高考英语阅读理解中的推断题？”

导语成人高考是很多人进行学历提升的重要途径，当然成人高考考试科目众多，英语就是其中之一，所以需要大家在平时付出一定的努力，好好把握才可以，为了帮助大家更好的进行2021成人高考高起点英语，习题一定要做起来的，今天给大家带来的是2021成人高考高起点英语习题：阅读理解，赶紧练习起来吧。

The cowboy is the hero of many movies.He is,even today,a symbol of courage

and adventure.But what was the life of the cowboy really like?

The cowboy’s job is clear from the word”cowboy”.Cowboys were men who took

care of cows and other cattle.The cattle were in the West and in Texas.People in

the cities of the East wanted beef from these cattle.Trains could take the

cattle east.But first the cattle had to get to the trains.Part of the cowboy's

job was to take the cattle hundreds of miles to the railroad towns.

The trips were called cattle drives.A cattle drive usually took several

months.Cowboys rode for sixteen hours a day.Because they rode so much,each

cowboy brought along about eight horses.A cowboy changed horses several times

each day.

The cowboys had to make sure that the cattle arrived safely.Before starting

on a drive,the cowboys branded the cattle.They burned a make on the cattle to

show who they belonged to.But these marks didn’t stop rustlers,or cattle

thieves.Cowboys had to protect the cattle from rustlers.Rustlers made the

dangerous trip even more dangerous.

Even though their work was very difficult and dangerous,cowboys did not earn

much money.They were paid bally.Yet cowboys liked their way of life.They lived

in a wild and open country.They lived a life of adventure and freedom.

1、The cowboy’s job was( ).

A.to be a hero

B.to take care of cattle

C.to be a rustler

D.to be a driver

参考答案：B

2、Cowboys().

A.made a lot of money

B.had a difficult job

C.did not like their way of life

D.were rich

参考答案：B

3、When you do something new exciting，you have().

A.a symbol

B.an adventure

C.a job

D.a trip

参考答案：B

4、The cowboy was the most important person in the movie.He was the().

A.chief

B.rustler

C.hero

D.president

参考答案：C

Uncle Sam is a tall,thin man.He’s an older man with white hair and a white

beard.He often wears a tall hat,a bow tie,and the stars and stripes of the

American flag.

Who is this strange,looking man?Would you believe that Uncle Sam is the US

government?But why do you call the US government Uncle Sam?

During the War of 1812,the US government hired meat packers to provide meat

to the army.One of these meat packers was a man named Samuel Wilson.Samuel was a

friendly and fair man.Everyone liked him and called him Uncle Sam.

Sam Wilson stamped the boxes of meat for the army with a large US for United

States.Some government inspectors came to look over Sam’s company.They asked a

worker what the US on the boxes stood for.As a joke,the worker answered that

these letters stood for the name of his boss,Uncle Sam.

The joke spread,and soldiers began saying that their food came from Uncle

Sam.Before long,people called all things that came from the government”Uncle

Sam’s”,”Uncle Sam”became a nickname for the US government.

Soon there were drawings and cartoons of Uncle Sam in newspapers.In these

early pictures,Uncle Sam was a young man.He wore stars and stripes,but his hair

was dark and he had not a beard.The beard was added when Abraham Lincoln was

President.President Lincoln had a beard.

The most famous picture of Uncle Sam is on a poster from World War I.The

government needed men to fight in the war.In the poster,a very serious Uncle Sam

points his finger and says”I want you for the US Army.”

1、“Uncle Sam”became a( )for the US government.

A.boss

B.nickname

C.picture

D.businessmen

参考答案：B

2、In the drawing and cartoons of Uncle Sam().

A.he wore the stars and stripes

B.the never had a beard

C.he had no hair

D.he wore a bow tie

参考答案：A

3、Uncle Sam often wears tall hat，()and the stars and stripes of the American

flag.

A.dark hair

B.a bow tie

C.a box

D.a shirt

参考答案：B

4、Government inspectors came to()Sam’s meat-packing company.

A.ask

B.stand for

C.look over

D.see

参考答案：C

以上就是2021成人高考高起点英语习题：阅读理解，希望参加2021年成人高考考生能够重点关注一下，至于成人高考如何报名，大家可以报名官网进行详细查阅，现阶段还是要认真进行复习备考，加油!

如何做好“高考英语阅读理解中的推断题？”

高中英语阅读理解题型

　阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重点和难点。下面由我为大家带来了高中英语阅读理解题型解读和解题技巧，一起来看看吧!

　高中阅读理解题型解读

　(一)阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。

　阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：

　1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。

　2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。

　3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。

　在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点：

　1.带着问题阅读短文。

　2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。

　3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。

　4.尽快选择答案。

　(二)不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧

　1.记叙文

　记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。 传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。

　2.说明文

　说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。

　数字说明文

　在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ?

　解释说明文

　解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 ?

　比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。

　3.应用文

　应用文涉及的.范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。

　阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题;主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。 我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。

　Ⅰ.事实细节题

　属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为：

　①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?

　②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?

　③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

　④All the following statements are NOT true excep. 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等;表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。

　Ⅱ.猜测词义题

　在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导;二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会?顺藤摸瓜?，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

　在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：

　1)根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 在be,be called,call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如：

　The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是?牧人?。

　2)根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom?s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是?肮脏的?了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是?肮脏的?。

　3)通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so?that与such?that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是?修剪?之意。

　4)根据生活常识猜测词义

　3 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示?枯萎?。

　5)根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从?年龄42岁?以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是?盛年时期?。

　6)根据列举的事例猜测词义 You can take any of the periodicals: "The World of English". "Foreign Language Teaching in Schools", or "English Learning". 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是?期刊，杂志?的意思。

　7)根据构词法知识猜测词义 根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。

　Ⅲ.推理判断题

　做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。

　这类试题常以如下句式发问：

　①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage?

　②What?s the author?s attitude(态度)towards

　③We can infer /learn from the passage that?

　如： Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, ?Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ?The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, ?The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.?

　Q: What can you conclude from this passage?

　A. the engineer asked for too much money

　B. the workers should pay the money

　C. the knowledge is worth money

　D. the new part could cost more

　这篇短文是作者讲的一个故事，那么通过这个故事我们可以判断出什么呢?虽然作者没有言明，但是我们可以断定，发现问题的所在需要智慧和知识，知识是创造价值的源泉，因此此题的正确答案应为C. Ⅳ.主旨大意题 这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心;要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

高考英语阅读理解中的推断题，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况，本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、作者观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析，以帮助同学们熟练应对。

According to…, we can infer that.

From the text we know that …is most likely.

When the writer talks about …, what the writer

really means is.

The writer suggests that.

The story implies that.

We can infer [conclude] from the passage that.

这类题干中通常常含有infer,

suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likelyto…等标志性词语。2.

干扰项的设置特点

在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。3.答题误区

同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。4.技巧点拨

一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。